Armie Hammer

The three-part Discovery+ docuseries, premiering Sept. 2, chronicles both Armie's disturbing abuse allegations and all the killings, payoffs, ...

House of Hammer paints Armand as a ruthless tyrant who governed the lives of his progeny, made a fortune through bribes and other illicit activity, and cared little about anyone other than himself—marked by his constant surveilling of everyone’s activities and, most telling of all, by an anecdote about how, when his wife found out that he was having an affair with Martha Kaufman, he responded by forcing Martha to change her name to Hillary Gibson (as well as her hair) so they might continue their relationship. There’s a whole lot of rancidness in House of Hammer, led by the now well-documented conduct of Armie, whose recent social media-fueled tribulations are rehashed in the proceedings’ first episode. Throughout House of Hammer, Casey speaks forcefully about the transgressions perpetrated by her relatives against both others and herself, the most damning of which is her revelation that her father Julian was not just a physically scary alcoholic and drug user, but allegedly a predator who sexually abused her—an offense about which she proves reticent to discuss in detail. Then again, who wouldn’t, given that he had to cover up Julian’s 1955 killing of his friend over a gambling debt. A three-part Discovery+ docuseries premiering on Sept, 2, House of Hammer’s main hook is the participation of Casey, who levels an enormous amount of censure at her grandfather Armand, his son (and her father) Julian, and her brother (and Armie’s father) Michael. When it came time to become a capitalist power player, Armand erased those elements from his backstory, and dispatched his first two wives before marrying his third, who was the financier for his eventual rise to mogul status at the head of Occidental Petroleum.

Armie Hammer's ex-girlfriend Courtney Vucekovich has claimed that she was left traumatised following a sexual incident with the actor, in a new documentary.

They were fully discussed, agreed upon in advance with his partners, and mutually participatory. [Terms of use,](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/user-policies-a6184151.html) [Cookie policy](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html) and [Privacy notice.](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html) I chose to look at it more flattering than concerning,” Vucekovich said. [Privacy policy](https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en) and [Terms of service](https://policies.google.com/terms?hl=en) apply. [House of Hammer](/topic/house-of-hammer), a three-part documentary on Discovery+. I hated it. I don’t like to put it out there.” I didn’t like it.” She notes that, during the trip, the pair watched the BDSM-themed film Secretary together. “It was something that has never been done to me,” she says of the alleged incident, which she has previously described as a sex act. [Sign up](https://amzn.to/3wUCpW9) “I had bruises.

An investigation into sexual assault allegations against Armie Hammer is still ongoing. The news comes amid an explosive new documentary, House of Hammer, which ...

"It was just a way of life," in their family, she reveals. It was just a way of life. You don't wake up one day and become a monster—it's learned behaviour.

Solid docuseries on discovery+ hears from women alleging Armie Hammer lured them into pain and humiliation.

As you would expect, Armie Hammer declined to be interviewed for the series. An ex-girlfriend who goes by “Effie” (her last name has not been publicly revealed) says Hammer raped her over a four-hour period in Los Angeles in April 2017. Even though Hammer has vehemently denied all allegations of abuse and assault, there’s no denying the sincerity of these women as they recount their experiences in painstaking detail, no denying the pain on their faces as they tell their stories.

In a sequence from the documentary House of Hammer, Casey, recollects jovially that her brother wanted a t-shirt with the line 'Decadence is a way of life' ...

It’s shocking that two years after the allegations first surfaced, the Hammer name has unravelled into a gory, sprawling nightmare that offends not just sensibilities, or politics, but also a sense of humanism. Armie Hammer was exposed via a series of social media posts and in the context of a pandemic ravaged world it was possibly the most scandalous story of the time. Some of the text messages showcased, are as bizarre as the notion that a man could lead such diametrically opposites versions of himself. A number of women he dated or obsessively pursued voice themselves as part of the documentary and make up for some of the most difficult viewing you’ll probably sit through. Not just with the women they sleep next to, but also the ones they share bonds of blood with. Hammer was recognised as a Hollywood golden boy, ripe with potential and possibly slated for a few good decades of reliable stardom. It is one gripe I have about a documentary that does pretty much everything it is required to. Armand’s absurd control of his family, his beguilingly intrusive nature leans heavy on the Hammer family narrative. We see a video of Hammer checking out a hotel suite, with a woman exotically dressed and an all fours, rudimentarily skipped past – as an afterthought. An oil tycoon, Armand’s wealth and influence, have had a great deal to contribute to just the way the Hammer household has turned out. [ Armie Hammer](https://www.firstpost.com/tag/armie-hammer), who was recently exposed as an abuser of woman, and quite possibly a self-claimed cannibal. Her brother is Michael Hammer, father of

"House of Hammer" details recent criminal allegations against actor Armie Hammer, as well as the history of the embattled men in his mega-wealthy family.

As a young man, he worked for Occidental Petroleum, and after Armand died in 1990, Casey tells the documentarians that Michael entered Armand’s home before his body was even taken away to remove several cars’ worth of At Armand’s funeral, Michael’s father-in-law father declared that Armand became a Christian on his deathbed, despite the funeral being facilitated by Jewish rabbis; Michael and his then-wife Dru (Armie’s mother) donated much of the $40 million they inherited from Armand to Christian groups, including Jews for Jesus and Italy for Christ. Joseph Finder of the Harvard Russian Research Center explains in the docuseries that the CIA concluded that Armand Hammer was brought into the fold, too; Armand was used to collect information for the KGB and therefore was considered to be an agent of the Soviet Union. He named his son Armand, born in 1898, for the symbol of the Communist Party in Russia (“arm and hammer”). He often lounged around in luxury pajamas, earning the nickname “the Hugh Hefner of Pacific Palisades,” and allegedly sometimes helped his father, Armand, bug telephones. [Armand](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/12/27/armand-hammers-afterlife/d7b7a47b-d486-4ea9-b151-fb1278e97307/?itid=lk_inline_manual_19), Armie’s great-grandfather, later became a mega-wealthy oil tycoon — and, according to the docuseries, was known to be abusive toward his wives and mistresses, involved in corruption schemes and disturbingly ruthless with his business interests. When Frances discovered the affair and told her husband to get rid of Kaufman, Armand ordered Kaufman to change her name to Hilary Gibson and dye her hair platinum blond. “House of Hammer,” a three-part docuseries that premiered Friday on Discovery Plus, starts with the Armie Hammer storyline, then climbs up five generations of his family tree. But a new documentary digs in to find that the allegations against Hammer are much broader and more disturbing — and concludes that they are part of a dark family tradition. Courtney Vucekovich, a Dallas business owner and a former girlfriend of Armie’s, alleges on-screen that he tied her up with ropes with only her vague consent, disregarding the common BDSM rule requiring consistent, reaffirmed mutual consent. For decades, it argues, the men of the mega-wealthy Hammer dynasty have been up to no good — living lawlessly and greedily, and harming others. [that went public](https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/03/the-fall-of-armie-hammer-a-family-saga-of-sex-money-drugs-and-betrayal) in early 2021 may have seemed to be about some creepy text messages, a rope fetish and something about cannibalism.

In the three-part Discovery+ docuseries “House of Hammer,” about allegations against actor Armie Hammer, someone makes a sharp observation: “Nobody cared ...

The aims of “House of Hammer” appear to be similar to those of the 2019 Lifetime docuseries “Surviving R. Allred makes the distinction that if you’re engaging in BDSM (bondage, dominance, submission, sadism and masochism), it “doesn’t mean that anyone can do anything to anyone during a sexual relationship. The oil tycoon Armand Hammer — Armie’s great-grandfather — is the one who accumulated the family’s enormous wealth and exerted control over everyone in his personal and professional life. He was connected to Richard Nixon’s Watergate break-in and pled guilty to making illegal contributions to Nixon’s reelection campaign. There is also an explicit rape allegation made by a different woman, a client represented by attorney Gloria Allred, the latter of whom is interviewed here. Casey Hammer, who is Armie Hammer’s aunt, provides her own account of the family’s dynamics and inner workings, and why the allegations against her nephew sound, in her words, “familiar.” He went to Dallas anyway, found her building and texted her photos of it. There were always loaded guns in the house, sometimes they were pointed at Casey herself. I find it all so offensive and unnecessary because it detracts from the seriousness of the endeavor. “As crazy as it sounds, I took it metaphorically, not literally. Nothing you can do to stop me.” But those interviewed for the series are clear about other concerning aspects of his personal conduct they describe as manipulative, coercive, violent, abusive and possibly criminal.

'Armie wanted total control': The four most disturbing claims from the 'House of Hammer' docuseries · Armie Hammer woos Courtney Vucekovich with 'fairytale'-like ...

It's the foundation of the BDSM relationship." "But he didn’t sound like he was ashamed of it. [who strongly denied all accounts of his alleged crimes and unconventional sexual practices](https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/02/05/armie-hammer-dropped-talent-agency-william-morris-endeavor-after-abuse-allegations/4414181001/), declined to be interviewed for "House of Hammer," according to directors Elli Hakami and Julian P. [ a February 2021 appearance by on "The Dr. It opens with a chilling voice message from Hammer talking about his "bag of goodies,” including Shibari rope for bondage. She says Hammer quickly spilled "intimate details about his parents (and) family secrets" making her believe he felt "really safe" with her. Vucekovich says she and Hammer were in "constant communication." He shopped for ropes at a tractor-supply store and did something to Vucekovich that she did not consent to. She deemed the act, which she refused to discuss further, "very degrading, very belittling." Vucekovich and Hammer finally met in person when she flew to Los Angeles in August 2020. Vucekovich says she first spotted Hammer in her hometown of Dallas in late 2019, but the two didn't speak. Artist Julia Morrison, who says she never met Hammer in person, reveals his disturbing messages.

New Discovery+ series examines the Hammer family and the accusations made against Armie and grandfather, Armand.

Any interactions with this person, or any partner of his, were completely consensual in that they were fully discussed, agreed upon, and mutually participatory. When Lorenze’s claims were first made public in 2021, a lawyer for the actor said in a statement: “These assertions about Mr. An anonymous source, identified as “Armie Hammer’s co-worker”, is also introduced, and shares several stories about his time working for the actor. [Terms of use,](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/user-policies-a6184151.html) [Cookie policy](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html) and [Privacy notice.](https://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html) [publicly accused the Call Me By Your Name star of raping and abusing her](https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/armie-hammer-effie-rape-abuse-allegations-b1819308.html), a claim he denies. After splitting from Armie Hammer, Courtney Vucekovich learned of his new relationship with Paige Lorenze while staying in a rehab facility. According to Casey, Armand, the family patriarch, gathered files on friends and “anybody you dated,” and he often recorded conversations. “I like to say that our lives were like a chess board and our grandfather controlled all the moves.” [Privacy policy](https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en) and [Terms of service](https://policies.google.com/terms?hl=en) apply. I brushed it off but I do believe that he was serious.” “I think that says a lot,” she adds. [Hammer has repeatedly denied allegations of sexual misconduct made against him](https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/armie-hammer-sexual-assault-timeline-b1819793.html).

Misconduct allegations against Armie Hammer and the tumultuous history of his famous family and their dynastic wealth are detailed in the Discovery+ ...

[spent time in rehab](https://www.eonline.com/news/1313072/armie-hammer-leaves-treatment-facility-months-after-sexual-assault-and-abuse-allegations) last year, has [denied allegations of sexual assault](https://www.eonline.com/news/1250030/armie-hammer-denies-violently-raping-a-woman-as-police-launch-investigation), abuse and [other misconduct](https://www.eonline.com/news/1227069/armie-hammer-breaks-his-silence-on-vicious-claims-amid-instagram-message-scandal), maintaining that any sexual activity he engaged in with his accusers was consensual. Lawyer Andrew Brettler told E! E! [Discovery+ docuseries House of Hammer](https://www.eonline.com/news/1341557/armie-hammer-accusers-speak-out-in-house-of-hammer-trailer) explores the [allegations of disturbing behavior](https://www.eonline.com/news/1226058/untangling-those-alleged-nsfw-armie-hammer-leaked-messages) from multiple women that sent Hammer's career spiraling. Then again, maybe he just hadn't found the role. [was on the board of directors](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/12/obituaries/armand-hammer-dies-at-92-industrialist-and-philanthropist-forged-soviet-links.html) of the conveniently named brand for several years toward the end of his life).

Review by Brian Lowry, CNN. Although devoted to Armie Hammer and his family, the title “House of Hammer” evokes thoughts of British horror films released ...

Perhaps that’s why it feels like Discovery+ has built “House of Hammer” on a rickety foundation. Specifically, there’s a case to be made that Hammer family members have used their wealth, and the political power associated with it, to avoid consequences. Casey Hammer thus becomes a centerpiece of the docuseries, having written a book, “Surviving My Birthright,” alleging abusive or unsavory behavior associated with men in her family. Although devoted to Armie Hammer and his family, the title “House of Hammer” evokes thoughts of British horror films released under the Hammer label from the 1950s to the ’70s, which doesn’t feel coincidental. “A specially assigned prosecutor is working with law enforcement as they continue their investigation,” he said, adding that the evidence will be evaluated once it is submitted. He has not been charged and has denied any wrongdoing, at the time saying through his attorney that the allegation, stemming from an alleged 2017 encounter, was “outrageous” and said his interactions with the woman and other partners have been “completely consensual, discussed and agreed upon in advance.”

The Discovery+ doc goes beyond the sexual assault allegations against Armie Hammer, tracing the family tree of violent and abusive men who came before him.

"I can no longer remain quiet and allow you to feed your thirst for notoriety at the expense of our family... At the head of the Hammer clan was, of course, Armand, head of Occidental Petroleum, and, yes, the Hammer behind Hammer Museum and Holmby Park and Armand Hammer Golf Course in Los Angeles. Kennedy](https://ew.com/person/john-f-kennedy/) and Richard Nixon, and the Soviet Union. A Russian emigrant, Julius became an active politician and founding member of the American Communist Party in the states after he moved to New York. More so than the allegations against the Rebecca actor, the series gives deeper background on the lineage of allegedly violent and troubled Hammer men. If the coworker said no to something, Hammer would "find ways to shame me," they claim. Effie, the woman who accused Hammer of rape and other acts of violence last year, was also featured through archives, accusing Hammer of "violently" assaulting her and slamming her head against a wall. Casey is estranged from her family, and the reasons why can be found in her 2015 memoir, The traditional motto of BDSM is safe, sane, and consensual, Chi says, noting that safety and trust are the foundation, whereas Hammer appeared to get off on fear. Casey exposes her family's deepest, darkest secrets in the series, declaring, "On the outside, we were a perfect family. As it turns out, Hammer comes from a lineage of troubled and violent men, according to the docuseries, which was released on Friday. Two women, business owner Courtney Vucekovich and artist and writer Julia Morrison, offer confessionals about their respective relationships with Hammer, which all began during the same general time, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020.

Although devoted to Armie Hammer and his family, the title "House of Hammer" evokes thoughts of British horror films released under the Hammer label from ...

While questions surrounding Armie Hammer remain understandable sources of media fascination and attention, the extent to which those issues can be traced to his family history serves as a trickier proposition. Specifically, there's a case to be made that Hammer family members have used their wealth, and the political power associated with it, to avoid consequences. Casey Hammer thus becomes a centerpiece of the docuseries, having written a book, "Surviving My Birthright," alleging abusive or unsavory behavior associated with men in her family. A spokesman for the LA County District Attorney's Office told CNN Thursday that the case remains under investigation. Directors Elli Hakami and Julian P. , after a woman accused him of rape.

Discovery+ continues to capitalize on true crime with the basic rundown of allegations against Armie Hammer in "House of Hammer" doc.

But selling it as the multigenerational story of a family with all the horrors of the Marquis de Sade is a bit of a stretch. “House of Hammer” is for the person who doesn’t know much about popular culture, doesn’t spend time on social media, and watches a lot of Discovery+. The crux of “House of Hammer” is that, going as far back as Armand’s own father, the Hammer family is filled with criminals and abusers. The talking heads play up “shocking” stories and how they never foresaw the horrors to come, but the hype never translates to what is actually discussed. There’s nothing particularly revelatory about her on-camera appearance and declaration that she’s going to “blow up” the Hammer narrative, including the heavily hyped reveal in Episode 2 of sexual abuse allegations. When the actor came to prominence in 2010 with the release of David Fincher’s “The Social Network,” much was made about his connection to Los Angeles’ prominent Hammer family.

Armie Hammer sits angrily in the dining room in Death on the Nile. (Image credit: 20th Century Studios). As Discovery+'s ...

[Hammer had been engaging in a cannibalism fetish](https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2561486/did-lily-james-have-another-affair-with-armie-hammer-on-the-set-of-netflix-rebecca) for some time, but the entrepreneur didn't know this. Though this isn’t where the story between Armie and Courtney Vucekovich ends, as a trip to Los Angeles became an opportune time for the two would-be love birds to finally meet, which only gave Vucekovich more stories to tell. Vucekovich’s story continued to unfold in July 2020, as she was taking a planned vacation out of her home state of Texas. Even [Hammer himself is reportedly “trying to prepare” ](https://www.cinemablend.com/streaming-news/how-armie-hammer-is-reportedly-feeling-ahead-of-house-of-hammer-docuseries)for the stories that are being told in this deep dive into his personal life, as well as his family’s legacy. June of 2020 allegedly saw Armie Hammer starting to make things personal, by DM’ing Courtney Vucekovich; she says this then led to the two being in constant contact. [new show](https://www.cinemablend.com/television/2022-tv-premiere-dates) House of Hammer has now been unveiled, the three-part docuseries is about to show the world more details from within the Armie Hammer drama that unfolded in 2020.

The three-part docuseries, 'House of Hammer,' dives deep into Armie Hammer's relationships and his family dynasty, headed by oil tycoon Armand Hammer.

Casey’s brother and father of Armie, Michael Hammer, wrote Casey a letter condemning her for her memoir and for speaking out against the family. Casey also commended Vucekovich for “going up against the dynasty” and using the power of social media. Through the docuseries, Vucekovich and Casey were able to meet for the first time in November 2021. “What I had experienced was nothing compared to what they had experienced,” they explained about their relationship with Armie in comparison to their other co-workers. Vucekovich and Armie first began talking in June 2020 and bonded over their shared traumas, but Vucekovich now sees the beginnings of their relationship as “love-bombing.” Armie made plans to try to visit Vucekovich while on a road trip to Los Angeles during the Fourth of July weekend. He allegedly sent her a photo of the outside of her apartment building, texting her that he was trying to “find [her] scent.” She also shared Armie left a signed note on her car that said: “I am going to bite the fuck out of you.”

Elli Hakami and Julian Hobbs began 'House of Hammer' soon after LAPD began investigating the actor. The accuser who started it all rejects the doc.

But were the protocols that are set out in BDSM being used in a way to have a healthy, consensual relationship, or were they being manipulated to put somebody in a situation that was abusive and hurtful? But all that was a tactic he used to seal off crimes and misdemeanors both in the boardroom and in the bedroom. You look at the type of characters he plays in “The Social Network” and “Call Me By Your Name” ... The people who ultimately are in the film are the ones who legitimately have a story to tell. He had a completely self-mythologized persona that he was a great diplomat, he was a great entrepreneur, he gave away thousands of dollars, he had a great art collection. And what you see in our film is even though Effie wasn’t there in person being interviewed, she’s clearly posited in the film as the match that lit the fire. And we recognized that they were in a place where they were ready to share their stories in a way that was going to be empowering and not regressive to them. Effie did, however, provide a statement to The Times about “House of Hammer.” “The way they’ve been exploiting my trauma is disgusting,” she said. Vucekovich — the only subject to appear in the Discovery+ series who had a physical relationship with Hammer — declined to reveal the extent of Hammer’s alleged misconduct on camera. Despite the fact that she did not participate in “House of Hammer,” though, Effie’s experience is detailed thoroughly in the series. Effie told The Times that she declined, responding, in part: “It is extremely inappropriate of you to exploit such a tragic, vulnerable time in many people’s lives, with no regard whatsoever for our healing process and privacy.” Hammer’s attorney, Andrew Brettler, denied Effie’s claims and said his client’s interactions with her “and every other sexual partner of his for that matter” were “completely consensual, discussed and agreed upon in advance, and mutually participatory.” (Brettler did not respond to The Times’ request for comment on the docuseries.)

House of Hammer” is a dizzying new docuseries centered around actor Armie Hammer and the sprawling history behind his family. Here's what to know.

[We Just Got the Best Snapshot Yet of How Much Progress Students Lost in the Pandemic.](https://time.com/6210490/pandemic-learning-loss-naep/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220902)The Results Are Staggering [Jackson, Mississippi Has No Safe Tap Water for the Foreseeable Future.](https://time.com/6209710/jackson-mississippi-water-crisis/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220902)It's a Crisis Decades in the Making In the docuseries, Joseph Finder of the Harvard Russian Research Center says that the Russians funneled money through the Hammer family to fund the Communist party to “steal technology and trade secrets from the United States.” Armie has not made any statements regarding the docuseries, but he did respond via a lawyer to the allegations made by the women in January 2021. “Certainly behind the Hammer family, there were a great number of great crimes.” Casey says that Michael, Armie’s father, made his feelings about Casey airing out the family’s dirty laundry quite clear in a private letter to her. The farthest back the Hammer family timeline goes in the docuseries is to Armie’s great-great-grandfather, Julius Hammer. Casey, then a teen, didn’t visit her father for two years until her mom finally allowed her to, and she found herself in the middle of one of his lavish parties filled with cocaine, alcohol, and a number of young women—as young as 16 or 17, Casey says. Following that movie, Hammer took starring roles in [The Man from U.N.C.L.E.](https://time.com/3995795/guy-ritchies-rules-for-reimagining-spy-flicks/) and Luca Guadagnino’s [Call Me By Your Name](https://time.com/5042707/call-me-by-your-name-shape-of-water-fearlessly-display-love/), opposite [Timotheé Chalamet](https://time.com/6103203/timothee-chalamet-profile/), with many of his roles fitting into his pretty rich-boy persona. But I’m here to say, my family is real and it’s a million times worse.” In the three episodes, Hammer’s ex Courtney Vucekovich details her experience with him in detail for the first time; Casey Hammer unearths the misdeeds the men in her family allegedly attempted to bury; and the Hammer web is untangled in great detail. The documentary purports that Hammer shared his fantasies and coerced women into uncomfortable situations in which they felt they could not say no. [Discovery+](https://time.com/6203940/hbo-max-streaming-wars-future/) and counts among its producers Armie’s aunt Casey Hammer, seeks to “reveal the dark, twisted secrets of the Hammer family.” As Casey Hammer tells TIME, “With [Succession](https://time.com/6127997/succession-season-3-finale-what-happens-next/), people can say, ‘Oh my god, it’s such a powerful series and the acting is fabulous,’ but it’s all made up. Instead of telling the story chronologically, the series jumps between decades and the different men of the Hammer family, attempting to connect it back to Armie, though not always seamlessly or smoothly.

Armie Hammer is crashing at one of Robert Downey Jr.'s homes amid his ongoing sex scandal. Downey Jr. has reportedly been supporting him financially.

A spokesman for the LA County’s DA office told us “a specially assigned prosecutor is working with law enforcement as they continue their investigation.” Meanwhile, Hammer’s estranged aunt, Casey Hammer, 61, consulted on the doc and is featured prominently. Reps for the stars did not get back to us about Hammer’s whereabouts — or what role recovering addict Downey Jr. [Vanity Fair reported ](https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/07/robert-downey-jr-armie-hammer-rehab)Downey, 57, footed the bill for Hammer’s Florida rehab stint last year. “He’s sober and has been spending a lot of time with good friends and with his kids,” the source said. [continues to be a major source of support](https://pagesix.com/2022/07/15/armie-hammer-being-financially-supported-by-robert-downey-jr/) for Armie Hammer amid his ongoing scandal, Page Six has learned.

The filmmakers behind "House of Hammer" speak to Variety about the docuseries that digs into allegations against Armie Hammer and the twisted Hammer family ...

Casey Hammer spoke to Salon about series "House of Hammer," surviving abusive misogyny & empowering victims.